Immunoassays: The Antibody-Antigen Interaction
Immunoassays rely on the highly specific binding between an antibody and an antigen. These tests are used to detect proteins, hormones, and drugs.
ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay): A plate-based assay used to detect substances like HIV antibodies or allergens.
Lateral Flow Assays (LFA): The technology behind rapid antigen tests and home pregnancy tests. They utilize a paper-based platform to transport the sample via capillary action.
Chemiluminescence: Uses chemical reactions to produce light, allowing for extremely sensitive detection of biomarkers in laboratory-based instruments.
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